INDICATIONS OF A HEAD INJURY
There's ongoing debate about whether long-term memory is always dependent on a brain region called the medial temporal lobe, which contains the memory-processing center called the hippocampus.
This study, conducted by a team at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, supports the theory that very long-term or remote memory remains intact, even after damage to this lobe.
Larry R. Squire, a professor of psychiatry, neurosciences and psychology, led the study, which used a new method called the Autobiographic Interview to examine the ability of five people with selective brain damage to recall events from their past. Three patients had limited damage to the hippocampus, and two had large medial temporal lobe lesions.
The researchers used extensive interviewing to get patients to provide 50 or more details of one memory from each of five periods in their lives: childhood, teen years, early adulthood, middle age and the year immediately before testing.
The results showed "that autobiographical recollection was impaired in patients with medial temporal damage when memories were drawn from the recent past, but fully intact when memories came from the remote past," Squire said.
Head injuries can range from a minor bump on the head to a devastating brain injury. Learning to recognize a serious head injury, and implementing basic first aid, can make the difference in saving someone's life. Common causes of head injury include traffic accidents, falls, physical assault, and accidents at home, work, outdoors, or while playing sports.
Head injury can be classified as either closed or penetrating. In closed head injury, the head sustains a blunt force by striking against an object. In penetrating head injuries, a high velocity object breaks through the skull and enters the brain. The signs and symptoms of a head injury may occur immediately or develop slowly over several hours.
The study appears in this week's issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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